Divergent Evolution of English Property Law

Question: Discuss about the Divergent Evolution of English Property Law. Answer: Introduction: Maria, after her divorce, bought Trafalgar house in March 2015. She was registered as the sole legal owner of the property. She shifted to the house with Philip who paid an amount of 75000 as the purchase price of the house against which an express trust was created confirming Philips interest. On 6 March 2016, Maria leased an extension to the property to Saeed that was to commence on 5 August 2016 and was to last for one year. Davinia, neighbor of Maria claims that on 28 March 2016 she was given easementary right over the back of Marias garden. Then, Hillary, Marias friend claims that Maria entered into a contract to sell the house to her on 15 April 2016. On 4 July 2016, Maria sold the house to Kenneth in the absence of Philip who was in South Africa at the time of sale. In English Law, when more than one person owns a land, the ownership of the land is acquired through a trust of the land. A trust of land distinguishes the lawful title of the land from the equitable ownership rights. The trustees hold the land on trust on behalf of the beneficiaries who are entitled to the rights of the equitable ownership. Co-ownership may be recognized as tenancy in common and joint tenancy. In case of joint tenancy, all the co-owners of the land own the entire property together. It includes the following four essential elements: Unity of possession- each owner is entitled to possess the entire property and cannot prohibit the other parties from any part of the property; Unity of title- the right to title of all the owners must be acquired through the same transaction. Unity of interest- the interest arising from the transaction is same for all the parties. Unity of time- all the parties acquired the interest at the same time. In tenancy in common, not all the tenants own the property, instead each of the tenants are entitled to their separate shares. As it is not feasible to divide the property among the tenants, they own their separate estimated shares to the property. In cases where there is a sole legal owner of the land but other people have contributed in the payment of the property, there still arises a trust even in the absence of a written declaration and such a trust is known as implied trusts. A trust can also arise in the form of an express trust constructive trust and resulting trust. EXPRESS TRUST - In English Law, an express trust is the declaration by the legal owner of a property that they hold the property on trust for particular beneficiaries. An express trust, in order to be valid must include these essential elements certainty of intention, subject matter and object. The importance of these conditions were recognized by Lord Langdale MR in the famous case of Knight v Knight where the principle was established that an express trust cannot be formed in the absence of these essential certainties. According to section 53(1) (b) of Law of the Property Act 1925, the declaration must be in written format and contain the signature of the legal person declaring the trust. It must include the material terms of the trust. In case there is no such document that creates a trust, the intention can be determined from the conduct or words of the parties. In Morice v Bishop of Durham, it is held that certainty regarding the object determines who the beneficiaries are so that the court can decree performance in favor of the beneficiaries. Moreover, each tenant under the tenancy in common, possesses an individual share in the property that is co-owned with the other tenant. The owners in a tenancy in common property are entitled to sell or mortgage their individual shares. However, all the co-owners are entitled to use the entire property irrespective of the percentage of shares held by them. The owners are not entitled to transfer or dispose of anything except their respective shares. The tenants in common can lease, mortgage, sell the property provided all the owners agree for the same. In the absence of such agreement the entire property cannot be sold or given or mortgaged by any one of the tenants. In case of sale, the new owner of the property under the tenancy in common agreement inherits all the privileges and the rights of the tenancy. The tenants in common, individually, cannot make any changes in the property without the consent of all the owners. When one of the co-owners of the property sales his individual interest in the property, it depends on the buyer whether to pay the market value after taking into consideration all the issues associated with the tenancy. Application In express trusts, the parties are at liberty to decide as to what extent they are entitled to the trust. The parties or tenants mention in the written document their respective shares in the payment of the property and set out other conditions relating to the sale of the trust property[9]. However in this given case, an express trust has been drawn against Phillip but the extent to which both Maria and Philip is entitled to the trust is not mentioned. The written declaration must include the extent of shareholding of each tenant as held in the case of Goodman v Gallant. However, in the absence of any express trust or in case the parties fail to declare their extent of entitlement to the trust, beneficial entitlement is implied from the conduct of the parties to the tenancy agreement. In this case, Maria and Phillip are parties or tenants in common to the property. Maria is not entitled to sell or lease the property without the consent of Phillip. Maria is entitled to sell or lease her undivided interest in the property, but in the given case, neither Maria nor Phillip has specifically mentioned the percentage of their shares in the property. However, in the absence of any such specification, the court usually assumes that the property is held in equal shares. Maria is alleged to have given easementary right of way to Davinia over her house garden. She is not entitled to give easementary right as her undivided interest is not specifically mentioned. Maria has sold the property to her Hillary, which is also not valid as she is not the sole owner of the property and being a tenant in common, she did not receive consent from the other tenant in common either. Further, she entered into another sale contract to sell the house with Kenneth, which is also not a valid sale contract because she has already sold the house to Hillary. Reference list Anderson, Jerry L. "The Divergent Evolution of English Property Law."ABA Probate and Property5 (2015). Bridge, Michael.Personal property law. OUP Oxford, 2015. Cross, Emma. "The Validity of Trusts: Is the Beneficiary Principle Still a Relevant Requirement."Exeter Student L. Rev.1 (2015): 28. Hudson, Alastair.Equity and trusts. Routledge, 2012. Morgan, Rachel. "The Difference between the Acquisition of Rights and the Quantification of Shares of Co-Ownership Interests in Land."Exeter Student L. Rev.1 (2015): 35. Penner, J. E. "The (True) Nature of a Beneficiarys Equitable Proprietary Interest under a Trust."The Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence02 (2014): 473-500. Penner, James.The law of trusts. Oxford University Press, 2016. Pettit, Philip H.Equity and the Law of Trusts. Oxford University Press, 2012. Sexton, Roger, and Barbara Bogusz.Complete land law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press, 2013. Sitkoff, Robert H. "Trusts and Estates: Implementing Freedom of Disposition." (2014).

Using Research Paper on Stroke

Using Research Paper on Stroke The outcomes are measurements, in the majority of cases numbers. The comparatively few of trials in the majority of Asian nations, including China, may suggest that the significance of clinical trials hasn't been fully recognized. The secret to successful research is to realize the underlying methodologies, to pick the appropriate tool for an undertaking. Normally, you must write about the problem in 1 sentence. In the majority of cases there are no any side consequences. Finding the very best care in the briefest period of time is vital to stop long-term disability and enhance the possibilities of recovery. Recovery all is contingent on the individual and long-term effects can vary from mild to severe. There's no necessity to await weeks to find treatment. What Research Paper on Stroke Is - and What it Is Not TIAs are like ischemic strokes in that they're often due to blood clots or other clots. The various kinds of stroke have various c auses. Ischemic strokes may also be due to stenosis. A stroke due to an embolism is known as an embolism stroke. It is just like a stroke, except that the symptoms only endure for a brief timeframe. While studies reveal that a little quantity of alcohol can cause a reduced risk for stroke meanwhile massive amounts of alcohol can result in blood viscosity and higher platelet levels. The second kind of clot is known as a thrombosis. Most known causes are because of prenatal biomedical aspects. Prompt reviews help the general procedure for science. It's possible to learn from the last review submitted. Peer review is a fundamental part of the scientific approach. Literature review will give you sufficient guidelines on the best way to research for paper. It is possible to discover more about research studies in your town through the Be Part of Research site. The researcher knows in advance just what he is searching for. It however does require heavy time commitment so you should ensure that you balance your work and study to maintain your grades. Qualitative research comprises a little collection of participants, dependent on criteria's defined by the researcher. The account of the scholarly work ought to be presented in a style ideal for the area. It is crucial to justify the reason behind your study. On the flip side, quantitative research attempts to classify, count or measure. The researcher does not exactly understand what he is searching for. Key Pieces of Research Paper on Stroke The collage makes it possible for the students to make and present a slice of work about them. Even as a student, you are feeling empowered, and have the ability to do meaningful work that could extend past the theoretical. Many students tr y to find a research paper sample that would aid them in writing research paper example themselves, but fail to locate an excellent piece of writing. You may observe that content is identical to a different paper based on your understanding of the area and other recent papers. There are various elements involved with research paper topics. Multilayered artificial neural networks have become a pervasive tool in a range of application domains. Smoking almost doubles your chance of chemic stroke and increases your chance of hemorrhagic stroke by 3. Patients want to recover whenever possible after stroke. GM-SAT is currently used throughout the nation and is the sole tool utilized for post-stroke assessment by the Stroke Association. The typical cost to look after a patient experiencing stroke is all about 15 thousand dollars for 90 days. 28% of folks who suffer stroke in a specific year are within the age of 65. Following Up All patients that are discharged straight from the hospital to their residence will obtain a telephone call from a stroke nurse within one week. Around one third of folks who survive are left with a long-term disability.

The Most Important Part of Your Research Papers

The Most Important Part of Your Research PapersThis is the most important part of your research papers. Reading and understanding the research methods and study materials will help you understand the entire process of conducting research and will also help you in determining whether your findings are valid.It is known that the first stage of reading may not be the part that may draw the most attention. However, it is most important as it provides a source of understanding as well as acquiring a higher level of comprehension. As such, you should consider reading it before starting the rest of the research paper. If you find reading this part tedious, then there are many online resources where you can get hold of e-books or research reports for free.One of the most important aspects that should be present in research papers is the format. One can select from a wide variety of formats that may serve to be an answer to the question, 'What is best in research papers?'. All formats can hel p to answer the question as long as the right information is provided and the methodology followed by the researcher is well explained. Some formats may need you to spend more time to understand while others may be well integrated with the research paper and its purpose. It is important to know which format is best for the type of paper that you are producing.The next important aspect that you should consider when it comes to reading research papers is the theme. The theme is defined by the topic of the research paper and the research questions that the researcher aims to answer. A research paper that has a theme is deemed to be best if it covers the same topic that the researcher has chosen.Lastly, the type of materials to be used for reading research papers may vary. While most research reports on subjects such as psychology, sociology, economics, or business may be well sourced through articles, journal articles, etc., other research materials may need to be employed for the topi c that the paper pertains to.It is important to know which types of material will be sufficient for the purpose at hand. For example, a journal article or even the research report may only require basic information about the topic. However, a PhD dissertation on the study of race relations in America requires much more than just basic information.The key point is to seek out and use the appropriate sources for the purpose of research. It should not be a surprise that if you want to complete a PhD dissertation, then you will require a vast number of data to support the research that you have conducted. Similarly, a research paper can be easily divided into chapters depending on the topic at hand.In summary, the goal is to outline the key points and topics to be covered in the research paper. Next, it is important to know what types of resources to use so that all information can be included in the paper. Finally, it is important to know the format of the research paper so that it can serve as a source of knowledge.

The Different Types of Arguments You Should Make When Writing Your Paper Topic

The Different Types of Arguments You Should Make When Writing Your Paper TopicStudents in Human Rights Studies or European Studies need to be aware of how they will be presenting their argumentation. There are several types of arguments that a Human Rights advocate can make. When you are looking for a Human Rights research paper topic, make sure that the content you choose is well-rounded and that it addresses a variety of possible opinions. You also need to know what facts you should use in your paper.Countries around the world, including the United States, currently have issues with some human rights. You should not only write about these issues but also how these countries responded to them. You should also be able to make comparisons between different countries. Your data should show how racism, sexism, and discrimination have changed over time.Some students have a problem focusing on the opinions and studies debate of Human Rights. In Human Rights Studies, you can write about ma ny different types of viewpoints and issues. In this type of class, it is important to separate the issues of those who think differently from those who believe in social programs. You will also need to choose a particular country to focus on when writing your paper.Students should be able to write as an impartial party and analyze various views of public opinion research papers. Of course, you will need to present your own opinions but you can use some of the other opinions and research. Students in this topic usually focus on a specific country.When you are writing about an issue that includes diverse viewpoints, you need to have varied facts that support the arguments you make. The first thing you should do is be prepared before you start. You need to have a list of topics that you will be writing about.You should also research the other types of research studies and write about the results. Different countries and groups will respond differently to issues that concern their nati ons. You need to research and include a lot of background information when writing your paper.It is important for students in Human Rights Studies to be able to write about a number of different perspectives. Be aware that writing will involve arguing. This is a difficult process, but it can be fun when you know what to write about.When students are writing about a topic like Human Rights, they must always include facts about their studies. When writing for Human Rights Studies or any other topic, make sure that you consider all sides. You will also need to look at the history of those who have taken up advocacy. When you take all of this into consideration, you should be able to write a good Human Rights research paper.

Memory by analogy Hiroshima mon amour

Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically review the article, â€Å"Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour† by Nancy Wood. The article revolves around the memorable events that took place in Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombing.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Article critique The article is influential in that it uses images to revisit the traumatic events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the author has rightly noted, the use of a love affair makes the film captivating (Wood 185). It is quite painful to recall the events that took place in Japan during the Second World War in the aftermath of the atomic bombing of the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This trauma is inscribed in Elle’s memory which shows the pain and the destruction that took place. This has been supported by Kedward and Wood (3 09) who added that the analogies have been drawn between collective commemoration and personal memories of the atomic bombing. The article has also celebrated the issue of love. Wood (185) notes that people misjudged Elle’s love affair. They thought that she betrayed both, her town and her nation, because of falling in love with a German soldier (Madella 3). The author pairs the horror and traumatic events with a love story, thereby making the analogy both disturbing and surprising (Lammarre 1). The theme of memory (Madella 2) as elaborated by Saito (353) is used to portray collective identity. Historical circumstances are reconstructed through collective memories which assist in defining people’s collective identity. Although collective memory can be painful, it is useful in the sense that it assists us in conceptualizing history (Saito 353). Wood (191) notes that although people may fail to notice the importance of women like Elle, her memories help reveal the truth about what befell Japan and her as well (Walden 5). The author gives a view of the processes people undergo after an incident as they try to forget the past. It also shows the importance of letting go of the past even under circumstances whereby it is very hard to forget past memories. The major weakness of the article is that the author repeatedly makes the traumatic events more dreadful as it is painted all over the article. The major strength of the article is that the writer attributes the bombing as the reason why the Second World War ended (Woods 187; Hogan 1). The prose and the explanation of the bombing is useful as it captures the reader’s attention, thereby encouraging him/her to continue reading in order to know the truth.Advertising Looking for report on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my personal opinion, the article is well written, precise and elaborate. In addition, it gives an overview of the traumatic experiences and sad memories of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The capture of the past events and converting them into a speech or analogy is also captivating. Nonetheless, the film analogy generates a bit of unease, especially on the atomic annihilation that took place at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Overall, I feel that the author’s analyses and critic on the film touches on all the different dimensions that need to be reviewed. Conclusion The article is easy to read and informative. In addition, the author has also tried her best to analyze the film, thereby depicting how the events took place. Works Cited Hogan, Michael J. Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. Print. Kedward, H R, and Nancy Wood. The Liberation of France: Image and Event. Oxford: Berg, 1995. Print. Lamarre, Thomas. â€Å"Trauma by Analogy. canlit.ca.† Canadian Literature, 8 Dec. 2011. Web. Madella, Alessandra. â€Å"The Woman Condition: Love a nd Technology In Hiroshima Mon Amour. PDF files. 21 Nov. 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=2629context=etd.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saito, Hiro. â€Å"Reiterated Commemoration: Hiroshima as National Trauma.† Sociological Theory 24.4 (2006): 353-3376. Print. Walden, Jenny. Hiroshima Mon Amour inscription on the body and the promise of justice. University of Portsmouth UK. 2010. Wood, Nancy. Vectors of Memory. Oxford: Berg, 1999. Print. This report on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour was written and submitted by user Vera Payne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Wrong File Turned In Is The Easiest Way To Ruin Your College Essay

The Wrong File Turned In Is The Easiest Way To Ruin Your College EssayI've had a lot of college essay writers write to me, trying to justify why they turned in a college essay that is impossible to read. I would read it in and out, trying to figure out what the writer was trying to say. Or maybe they were trying to say they are writing a really long college essay, and the reader doesn't want to read one. Or they don't want to read it because they thought it was too long, so they were willing to rewrite it or cut it down.Readers like to have something to hang their hat on, and they're not likely to read a work of non-fiction about dolphins, or some other boring subject. If your college essay is too long, the readers don't know how to read it, and they won't have time to read the rest of it.People that write a college essay, and then explain to the reader that they weren't able to find the information that they needed, aren't good writers, they just wanted to turn in an essay that was long and didn't include enough information to make it interesting. Readers want a topic to have some important information, but if it's too long, they're not going to read it, no matter how good the college essay writer is.The hardest part of a college essay to read is the last paragraph, because it has to be a good argument for what the author is trying to say. If the author is unable to finish a sentence, or an argument, it really doesn't matter what they did to make the college essay interesting to read.The best way to find out if you did a bad job with your college essay is to ask for feedback from people who have done the same thing. If they gave you a bad grade, you have to take note. I suggest you keep a good grade sheet that you look at while writing your college essay. After the initial research and preparation of your final essay, then you can start writing it. With all the words you have to add up, your college essay will read better and give it more of a professional fee l. You might also try a second version of your essay to see if it is as good as the first version.If you get yourself a college essay, and you're unsure of whether or not you did a good job, don't forget to turn in the wrong file turned in. Either it will make your college essay much better, or it will make it much worse.

Cloudstreet essays

Cloudstreet essays Discuss the complex relationship between title and novel, with reference to one or more novels. Described as the wunderkind (wonder-boy) of Australian fiction, Tim Wintons reputation as one of Australias most important authors is firmly established. The title of his novel, Cloudstreet incorporates very succinctly the narratives major thematic concern, as it is evocative of higher realms. The imagery of the word cloud itself conjures a world beyond the terrestrial, beyond the here and now, and it is this metaphysical aspect of life that the reader is positioned to privilege. The title shares its name with that of the house that the Pickles and Lamb families live in, and because of this connection, the house obviously contains some supernatural qualities. The apparently all-knowing character Fish Lamb, is the novels narrative intelligence, who is also seen to be somehow elevated, on an ethereal plane. Thus, it is through the setting, characters, imagery and the narration, that are encompassed in the novel, that the reader is able to see the complex relationship that exists betwe en the title and the novel, Cloudstreet. The setting, and epicenter of the novels action, is the most obvious link between the title and the novel, the house, Number 1 Cloud Street. The house is depicted has having some supernatural qualities, as it breathes, wheezes, and cries. Enabling the reader to understand that the house being not only of bricks but a character within itself, personified. It is literally impossible for a house to breathe, and so such supernatural occurrences grab the readers attention. The personification of the house is also shown as we read about it rattling in a wild cacophony, which seems to reflect the vicissitudes of its inhabitants lives. Ted comments: That bloody house wont leave us alone, will it The detailed descript...