Boiler Room

Boiler Room Boiler room is a story about a college dropout name of Seth. He likes the feeling of earning fast money, therefore he decided to quit school and start an underground casino in his apartment with a few of his friends. However, his father, who is a federal judge, finds out about the casino. His father then commends him to close down the casino and search for a real job. Seth wants to regain respect and approval from his father, and fortunately he got introduce to a stockbroker company J. T. Marlin. Seth has a great talent in this job and he becomes the best trainee in the firm. He works under the senior brokers, and starting to adapt to the â€Å"Always be closing† philosophy, which means he never take no as the answer and will keep convincing the customers until he objective is reached. Very soon, Seth becoming a successful broker and neglect all the unethical issues he is committing. He not only sells stocks to the rich â€Å"whales†, he also drags the poor workers that can barely afford a new house into the scam. Unfortunately, Seth discovers the truth about the numerous stocks sold by the firm and realizes J. T. Marlin is a boiler room that sells non-profitable stocks. And start to realize that all these times he is forcing customers to buy something that they don’t want or cannot afford. There are quite a few of unethical dilemmas throughout the movie. First of all, Seth and his firm are selling non-profitable stocks to rich people that are interested in high return investment. Moreover, J. T. Marlin teaches their employees to tell untrue statement about the stock and the company in order to attract the clients’ interest toward the stocks. The drug that helps infants to develop is one of the examples they mention in the movie. Also, at the middle of the movie, once the brokers see the rip increase, they will try to push the customers even harder in order to make a fortune for themselves. Furthermore, the more skillful Seth becomes, the more we can see Seth is using different powerful persuasive techniques in order to catch the attention of the clients. On the other hand, it is very unethical for Seth to drag the poor people into buy stock that will never be profitable, because they are selling stock for companies that don’t exist. However, there is still an ethical side of Seth. For example, he tries to protect his father from losing his job due to try to help Seth from trying to get back J. T. Marlin. He also agrees to work with the FBI to raid J. T. Marlin so that no more victims will fall into their scams. And most of all he helps Harry, the poor investor, to get his life saving back in the end. So it is nice to see Seth changes his mind and try to become clean in the end.

Parents Are the Primary Cause of Disturbed and Disturbing Behaviour in Their Children Essay

‘Parents are the primary cause of disturbed and disturbing behaviour in their children’ this essay will look at evidence for and against this claim. It will start by explaining the meaning of the phrase ‘disturbed and ‘disturbing behaviour’ and then move on to explain the role that parents play in the cause of ‘disturbed’ or ‘disturbing’ behaviour within their children. In the past theorists would have agreed with this phrase, having good evidence to support their theories. Nevertheless this is now considered by many to be a naive view of a child’s development. The essay will look at three different models, the medical model, the social environment model and the transactional model. It will conclude by looking at the role of the child in the process and looking at whether there is conclusive evidence to support this claim. There is a large minority of children who find certain circumstances difficult to adjust to and because of this; their behaviour is considered by others to be difficult, withdrawn, disturbed or even bizarre. Parents of these children may describe them as being ‘hard to manage’, ‘demanding’, and ‘aggressive’. People who work with these children for example teachers or health care workers could consider them to have ‘behavioural problems’. The expression ‘disturbed’ and ‘disturbing behaviour’ is very unclear, it can have several meanings at one time. One suggestion could be that the child is the victim of incompetent or abusive parenting. Then another suggestion is that the child is the cause of the problem with behaviour that needs to be contained. What is meant by a ‘problem’? ‘Childhood signs of psychological abnormality are, by and large, manifestations of behavioural, cognitive and emotional responses common to all children. Their quality of being dysfunctional lies in their inappropriate intensity, frequency and persistence (Herbert, 1991, p. 13). Children are said to present problems when their behaviour falls out of the range of tolerance and age-appropriateness. That range maybe more or less wide depending both on the context and the attitudes of those making such judgments. To put it bluntly, many children are only seen as having problems when they become a problem to others. So, whose problem is it? Where does the problem reside (Chapter, 2, p. 63)? Individuals have different perspectives of the ‘problem’. From the medical view the problem might be described in terms of ‘disorders’ which locates the problem firmly within the child as part of their psychological make-up. The approach to treatment was to prescribe medication or psychotherapy. This model was very prevalent during the 40’s and 50’s which came under much criticism. Emotional and behavioural difficulties were not considered within the medical model. The social environment model was careful not to put labels like ‘disturbed’ on to the child. As the medical model focuses the problem within the child the social environment model sees the problem as being outside the child for example a poor home situation, incompetent or abusive parental care or inadequate discipline at school. Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation is a good illustration of this perspective, which was highly influential in the 1950’s in the construction of post-war social policy on the functions of the family and especially the role of women, as mothers, in promoting children’s mental health (Chapter, 2, p. 8). Referring to children and their behaviour there is a very common phrase used in everyday life ‘I blame it on the parents’. This spanned many generations believing that the explanation for children’s bad or disruptive behaviour lay firmly within the home environment and the quality of parenting. Believing this removed the attention from the child themselves and the role that they might play in their behaviour and it also removed the attention from society and its responsibility for the welfare of the child. Most importantly, this belief is not just a feature of a particular ideology; it has become a foundation stone for some psychological theories about the processes of typical and disturbed development (Chapter 2 Pg 69). Kessen (1979) alerts us to the fact that some ideologies masquerade as psychological knowledge, information which is extremely important when taking into account research links between mother and child relationships and the development of disturbed behaviour. Many studies have suggested that disturbed/disturbing behaviour in children can be related to difficulties in the relationships with their mothers, which may reflect the mothers’ mental states (Murray and Stein, 1991; Garver, 1997; Wakschlag and Hans, 1999; Halligan et al. , 2004). Maternal responsiveness is important to an infant as is a mothers’ mind-mindedness (the ability to know what is going on in their infants mind) but this sensitive response can be affected by different factors. One example would be postnatal depression. A study done by Murray (1992) found that 18-month-old infants whose mothers had suffered from postnatal depression were more likely to be assessed as ‘insecurely attached’ in the ‘strange situation’. This was more prevalent in boys. Insecure attachment has been consistently linked with psychological difficulties (Greenberg et al. , 1993; Sund and Wichstrom, 2002). Murray also found that children of depressed mothers were more likely to have difficulties such as temper tantrums, eating problems, have trouble sleeping and be over clinging. This could suggest that infant temperament may also be causing problems. However not all depressed mothers develop difficulties in their relationships with their offspring (Cox et al. , 1987). Although maternal depression is one pathway to behavioural difficulties there is another; research has been carried out which traces the origins of antisocial behaviour to harsh and inconsistent discipline and ineffective parental control strategies which unwittingly reinforce the child’s negative, coercive behaviour (chapter, 2, P. 73). In disturbed relationships the people involved not only behave towards each other but they also think about each other. They both have an internal working model of the relationship which means that the cognitive as well as the social and emotional dimensions of the relationship need to be taken into account. In an Australian large-scale longitudinal study they found that mothers who had negative attitudes towards their infants at 6 months old were more likely to report behaviour problems when their children were 5 years old, especially for boys (Bor et al. 2003). The fathers also have a role in care giving. A father’s child-rearing beliefs, working hours, personality and age predicted fathers’ care giving activities. Fathers were more likely to assume care giving responsibilities if they had more positive personalities and were younger. They also assumed more care giving responsibilities when they contributed lower proportions of family income and were employed for fewer hours. Also marital intimacy predicted fathers’ care giving activities with fathers more involved when mothers reported more imitate marriages (Research summary 3, chapter, 2, p. 6). Much of the research which has explored fathers’ roles in shaping children’s behaviour has focused on the relationship between antisocial behaviour in fathers and children’s development. There is now strong evidence that there is a significant relationship between the two (Deklyen et al. 1998; Margolin and Gordis, 2000; Jaffee et al. 2003). Absence or low involvement of the father has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes for children (Scott, 1998; Carlson and Corcoran, 2001). Research shows that a father’s involvement at age 7 protected against psychological maladjustment in adolescents from disrupted families. For boys, early father involvement protected against later delinquency as measured by the child’s history of trouble with the police (Flouri and Buchanan, 2002) and for girls, father involvement at aged 16 protected against subsequent psychological distress (Flouri and Buchanan, 2003). Many studies have focused only on the amount of father involvement, neglecting the quality of the relationship (Research summary 4 pg 77). Although it is important to acknowledge the role of the parent’s involvement in their children’s adjustment we need to recognise that the child also has a role in the process. Attitudes about some styles of parenting as being the cause of atypical child behaviour, reflects a ‘social environment’ perception seeing the child as a passive victim of circumstances. Traditional questioning of the effects of environmental variables on children’s development and adjustment has been challenged through various researches. In a report from a study carried out by Sears et al. they offered a ‘social environment’ interpretation, arguing that it was the combination of parent’s permissiveness and punitiveness that caused their children to become aggressive. A highly permissive style means that children do not have clear guidance on appropriate behaviour, where as a highly punitive style means that, at the same time, they may have been frustrated by bouts of severe punishment (chapter, 2, p. 79). Bell (1968) argued persuasively for changing the direction of effect. He maintained that it was the child’s temperamental characteristics that determined how aggressive he or she was and that it is the parental disciplinary approach that attempts to adapt the child’s behaviour. Johnston et al. ’s research illustrates the dangers of presuming particular directions of causality. It would be wrong to assume that environmental risk factors would be in some sense causing children’s problems. There could be some circumstances where the characteristics of the child could add to family stress, changing parental attitudes and influencing maternal behaviour. The relative influence of parenting behaviour versus child behaviour will vary, according to the characteristics of the child and of the parent and the circumstances affecting both (chapter, 2, p. 80). It is clear that children can have both direct and indirect influences on their environment. Children and environments can also share transactional relationships. Consider a child who is easily upset and also hard to soothe, the so called ‘difficult’ temperament. Such a child with a parent who has a good social support network an a well-provided home and is relatively easily able to ‘contain’ the child’s distress and minimise upsetting experiences, may end up experiencing only brief and infrequent periods of upset and evoking a lot of supportive, sensitive care giving from ‘the environment’. The same child, however, might evoke a very different kind of care giving in a more stressed household with a parent who is less able to behave sensitively and protectively and reacts to the child’s distress in overly emotional ways. Thus environments can differ in their reactivity to children’s behaviour (Method and Skills Handbook pg 41). Chess and Thomson introduced the concept of ‘goodness of fit’ to describe the transactional relationship between child and environment. As they state, ‘goodness-of-fit results when the child’s capacities, motivations and temperament are adequate to master the demands, expectations and opportunities of the environment’ (Chess and Thomas, 1984, p. 80). Looking at the evidence presented above it is inconclusive that parents are the primary cause of disturbed and disturbing behaviour in their children; it is important to reaffirm that there are multiple pathways to disturbed behaviour and that maternal and paternal behaviour represent just two among a constellation of social context, family and parental risk factors that have been found to be associated with childhood difficulties (chapter, 2, p. 77). The evidence presented by Murray and Stein, 1991; Garver, 1997; Wakschlag and Hans, 1999; Halligan et al. , 2004 stating that disturbed/disturbing behaviour in children can be related to difficulties in the relationships with their mothers, is refuted by Cox et al. saying, not all depressed mothers develop difficulties in their relationships with their offspring. The issue is not about whether the direction of effect runs from child to mother or from mother to child; it is about their mutual influence as partners in a relationship. Children as well as parents play an active role in the process of development (chapter, 2, p. 80). In summary any particular ‘problems’ that a child might present need to be understood in terms of the demands of the context, the history of similar experiences faced by the child and the history of the adult who finds the child’s behaviour disturbing (chapter, 2, p. 64).

Pig Cruelty Essay

Pig Cruelty Around 1. 3 billion pigs are slaughtered annually for meat worldwide. The majority of these are in East Asia, particularly China, which rears around half of the world’s pigs. They are usually slaughtered after 4-7 months. Pigs intended for pork are usually slaughtered 1-2 months younger than pigs for bacon. I think that the way pigs are being raised and slaughtered is corrupt and barbaric. Mother pigs; spend most of their lives in individual â€Å"gestation† crates that are approximately seven feet long and two feet wide, not large enough for them to turn around in.Just before giving birth they are moved to â€Å"farrowing† crates, which also are not large enough for them to turn around in or build nests for their young. The deprived environment produces neurotic coping behaviours such as repetitive bar biting, sham chewing and obsessively pressing on water bottles. Piglets are taken from their mothers when they are as young as 10 days old and are pac ked into pens until they are separated to be raised for breeding or meat. They are too overcrowded and prone to stress-related behaviours, such as cannibalism and tail biting.On a television episode of TV ones Sunday that I watched, the New Zealand pork industry was dealt a shameful and public relations slap-in-the-face after its former comedian celebrity kingpin, Mike King, ousted their farming practises as ‘brutal’, callous’ and ‘evil’. Mike condemned the â€Å"appalling treatment† of factory farmed pigs. He observed inside a New Zealand piggery and found a dead female pig inside a sow stall, lame or crippled pigs and others that could barely stand. Pigs either extremely depressed or highly distressed, pigs that had scars and injuries and a lack of clean drinking water.Mike says â€Å"they were screaming and frothing at the mouth, I was disgusted and I’m sorry I was ever a part of promoting it†. This is no joke, real life †˜Babes’ see no sun in their limited lives, except for when being loaded onto the truck to be slaughtered; they have no hay to lie on, no mud to roll around in, not like in our childhood books and movies. There is no freedom or joy in their short lives; it is a misery from the day they are born to the day they die. Pigs feel pain just as humans do. Imagine living in your own urine and faeces?No one would want to live like that, so why do we do this to them? Bacon, pork and ham are all very lovely food indeed, but is it needed to treat them like this? If this is the case, I’m not sure I want to continue eating these foods. I understand the fact that free range products are expensive, but if the government made factory farming illegal then there would be more competition, so they will have to compete with prices. If we all made a push towards making factory farming illegal then I believe it would be more cost effective. Just think about how much healthier the meat would be.At the end of the day it’s not just the pig farmers that need to wake up, we all do†¦ If we really wanted to we could put a stop to this cruelty, by only buying free range products; starting protesting; making petitions, but we do not and this where collective guilt comes into it. If New Zealanders or better yet, the world started doing these things we could easily stop the market for factory farmed pigs, and farmers would be forced to change their practice. If your packet does not read ‘free range’, you know the truth. Help stop pig cruelty today. Kendell Gaskell

History of Early Civilizations in America in the Period 0 - 300 A.D Research Paper

History of Early Civilizations in America in the Period 0 - 300 A.D - Research Paper Example These items were made from copper from Lake Superior, mica from the Appalachians, conch shells from Florida, obsidian from the Rocky Mountains and stone from Minnesota and Wisconsin (Wallace, 2007, p 67). The Hopewell moulds were made mainly by the Libyans who were assisted by the Negroid Nubians .These builders left behind sculptures of heads and of African animals along the Mississippi River in Ohio, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Iowa. (Maxfield, 2009) During this period, the Carthigians of Greek North Africa while they were sailing from Britain, they could pass through the island of Orkneys, Faeros and Shetlands which were of equal distance from one another and then they would proceed to Ogygia, and Eperiros. On the coast of Eperiros was a frozen sea and an expansive land where the Greeks settled down and intermarried with the barbarians. The woodland Period maize made its way from South America or Mexico to the Southern United States and later spread to Mid-Atlantic States and New Engla nd. Several varieties of popcorn also were spread to the south. (ssrsi.org, 2011) In Chihuahua and South New Mexico and Mexico, the Mongolian tribes continued to reside in their semi-subterranean pit- house .They had self governing villages which were under the leadership of religious and civic elders that were selected democratically. The villages had a large ceremonial house, the great Kiva that was three to four times bigger than usual houses. The Hohokam in southern Arizona and Mexican states of Sorona began utilizing elaborate irrigation systems made up of dams constructed on rivers and canals of 30 feet width and 25 feet length. The Mongolian society developed between 300 B.C -500 A.D. These communities made precious jewellerly, pottery pyramids and practiced astronomy. These tribes spread American culture which originated from Libyans people .They carried and spread the traditions, astronomical and navigation knowledge of the old world that had arrived through Pacific cruiser s and which was manifested by the maps made by the Maui who were famous. ( Maxfield , 2009) In Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, human sacrificing was very common among the Mesoamericans societies. The skeletons of people wrapped in nets and the remains of children burn in ritual events and buried heads were testimony of human sacrificing. The Mayan civilization thrived in Guatemala El Salvador and Honduras. The Mayas used numerals which were less complicated than Roman numerals and counted in groups of twenty. The Mayan Zero was a shelled shaped sign and reached in India from Europe 1000 years afterwards..The numbers 1-5 were represented by equal number of dots while five was represented by a single bar. Thus ten was two bars and twenty four bars. The Maya trading centers was Cerros that was at the base of Yucatan and it become strong because of flourishing trade activities. In Panama and Costa Rica, pre-civilizations continued to grow and build up in valleys because of gr owing population. In South America during the early intermediate period of Peruvian history, the Vicus culture dominated the northern region. This was evident form using of knives and the telephoning of skulls that was a common practice among the Peru people during this period. The Nazca Indians lived in the arid plain of Andean foothills and Southern Peru and made fine cotton cloaks that were embroidered in many colors and feathered turbans. In this period, classical Nazca arts started being

Operations Management and the Operations Manager Essay

Operations Management and the Operations Manager - Essay Example The operations manager is also responsible for the layout of the manufacturing plant and its structure, planning for the project management methods as well as the selection of the right equipment as well as replacement. The operations manager is also responsible for all the operational services such as scheduling and control of production, management of inventory, control and inspection of quality, traffic and handling if materials, as well as formulating and enforcing the implementation of equipment maintenance policies. An operations manager also is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the smooth operations of various processes that add up to the production of various goods and services of an organization. This individual typically has a lot of responsibilities as he does a bit of just everything. In a bit just to summarize the responsibilities of an operational manager, it is worth stating that he is responsible for logistics management, budget management, operational strategizing, manage support services as well as managing third party relations (Opsman,

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance Essay

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance - Essay Example utually agree to the benefits and need of the GTM but still there are many issues that they face regarding the talent management at organizational level and at individual level which might be contradictory to one another. There may be two types of expatriate assignments that are given to employees who are a part of the multinational corporations. These assignments allow them to develop their talent on a global perspective as they receive assignments abroad and that helps them to develop significant skills to operate globally, to handle the global operations, and to spread the knowledge about globally spread operations in order to help the country networks and improve productivity to understand the business model. These expatriate assignments can be of two types which impact the organizational goals of GTM and individual level goals (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 205). The expatriate goals can be organization-assigned expatriates which are often the ones which are assigned by the organization to send certain employees abroad who are deserving and talented. These employees have to live away from their families and shift abroad in order to fulfill the goals of their organization. This kind of expatriate assignments may not include the will of the employees always and some might find it extremely difficult to live away of their country and loved ones. Hence, the work gets affected and productivity would decrease. On the other hand, it would be a good option for the fulfillment of the organizational goals and GTM as it allows employees to understand and polish their skill in the international context (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 206). Because of certain problems associated with this type of expatriation in the GTM, there have been two other strategies that are being used by multinational corporations. The first strategy is to reduce the number of organization-assisted expatriation assignments and promote rather other alternatives such as

Education, Theatre Design and Technical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education, Theatre Design and Technical - Essay Example As by means of all of the arts, theatre is very hard to assess. Over and over again, writers and those who spoke for myself to me mentioned that multifaceted activities such as drama and theatre cannot be assessed with existing standardized, multiple choice, norm-referenced profitable tests. Technical and superficial aspects of theatre (speaking loud enough, facing downstage, etc.) can be measured objectively. Original aspects such as the difficulty of character, plot innovation, and compassion to time and space are much harder to measure. Cecily O'Neill et al. note that linking to others, postponement of disbelief, and making aid to the work, gaining insight, and height of language and understandings all need to be noted in student development in theatre. There are extremely little experience crossways the broad educational world of ways to assess these cognitive and affective domains. A central danger in evaluating student progress in theatre lies in the temptation to assess only t he technical and real and to ignore or diminish the original and artistic aspects (Racine, S. J., 2001, 31-41). On the surface, it appears that little or nothing has happened or is happening in the field of assessment in theatre education. No books have been written, ERIC cites only two articles, and classroom teachers seem uninvolved with the issue. Scratch the surface, however, and it is a different matter. For years, theatre educators have been using methods of assessment that are only now being explored by educators and researchers in other fields. As well, a flurry of activity is happening in theatre-education assessment (Raskin, J. 2000). In order to discover the current status of assessment in theatre education, the American Alliance for Theatre and Education (AATE) selected "Assessment" as the title of the primary file it would expand for its newly establish a national database. This file attempts to bring together and make accessible a list of as many identified sources as possible on appraisal and evaluation for theatre in education in the United States at the present time. It comprises books, articles, conferences, unpublished studies, conferences on arts assessment, and researchers in the field as well as related materials from linked fields and other relevant information. Each item was checked by an AATE researcher and is interpreted.

Design and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK Essay

Design and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK - Essay Example Precisely this report examines the designing and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK. The UK has set aggressive national goals in the building industry meant to increase efficiency and safety of buildings. It has identified emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2050 to be 34 percent and at least 80 percent in that order (Willars 2011, p. 1). To ensure that buildings are playing their role in achieving these targets, regulations have been put in place to ensure that designing and planning is undertaken in a manner that will make buildings environmental friendly. DESIGNING AND PLANNING OF BUILDINGS IN THE UK Designing and planning of buildings take place in different phases. In all these phases there are procedures which ought to be followed. Basically as shown in the diagram below designing and planning of building projects is undertaken in four stages: prepare, design, construct and use. Table 1 (Different standards for planning and designing in the UK) It is ad visable that these phases are followed so that the construction work is completed to the set standards. Failure to follow regulations set is a violation of the law and is punishable. Importantly, such negligence will likely cost the public in one way or another. Building regulations are categorized into 14 sub-categories: Part A - structural safety Part B - fire safety Part C - site preparation Part D - toxic substances Part E - sound insulation Part F - ventilation Part G - hygiene Part H - drainage and waste disposal Part I - combustion appliances Part J - protection from falling and impact Part K - energy efficiency Part L - access to and use of land Part M - glazing Part N - electrical safety This report will utilize the RIBA Plan of Work 2007 in discussing the designing and planning of commercial and domestic building in the UK. The RIBA Plan of Work is chosen because it will enable the achievement of the objective of the report in the best manner possible since it has been the â€Å"definitive UK model for the building design and construction process since 1963† (RIBA 2013, para. 2). RIBA Plan of Work 2013 is due to be released mid this year therefore the 2007 is appropriate for this report. However, much care is taken to integrate the ideas from Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), OGC Gateways (Scottish Government 2013), PFI procurement stages and National Audit Office Framework where necessary. The RIBA Plan of Work 2007 is divided into five phases with a total of eleven sections. The five phases are: preparation (A & B), design (C, D & E), pre-construction (F, G & H), construction (J & K) and use (L) (RIBA 2007, p. 1). The following sections examine each of these phases in great details, pointing out the technicalities involved and the expectations. Care is taken to ensure that each section addresses the requirements of domestic and commercial buildings as per the UK regulations. PREPARATION PHASE Under the prepare pha se, as categorized by CABE, the activities which cut across the board for RIBA plan of works, OGC Gateways and National Audit Office Framework are basically those involving getting ready to start off the project. They can basically be said to be feasibility tests to find out if the project can be completed. According to CABE (2011), a client needs to be very much engaged in running a building project especially in the very initial stages. It is important that the procurement process is understood well by the client. CABE has gone ahead to outline the skills that

Freedom and my story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom and my story - Essay Example When I am here in America, I can leave my house at anytime I wish to attend my friends’ functions and other events since the country does not restrict me from doing so at any time I wish to. However, back in my country, I cannot enjoy similar freedom since my country forbids people especially women from moving around freely because of societal beliefs that are connected to the main religion; Islam. When attending my friends’ parties, we listen and dance to music since I like dancing so much. The people in U.S enjoy many forms of freedom most of which are not available in Saudi Arabia. While anyone in U.S can play and listen to any form of music that they please, my home country forbids that under religious beliefs. When I am in America, I have the freedom to listen to any music as well as dance to it at any place without any form of restrictions. This is not possible in my home country because music is seen as a way of distracting the country’s highly religious population. In fact, when I go to a mall in Saudi Arabia for shopping, I cannot enjoy listening to music while shopping since it is forbidden. Meanwhile, when doing my shopping here in U.S, which I frequently do when accompanied by my friends, I enjoy listening to cool music. I enjoy this freedom because my shopping experience becomes more enjoyable. In America, I can take any course without restrictions w hereas my home country prohibits learning music in public schools making it very hard for my friends who love music to study it. For this reason, some of my friends come to America to pursue their careers in music. Personally, I am a social person. I socialize with different types of people when in school and when doing my day-to-day activities. When I am in U.S, I enjoy the freedom of socializing with different types people, as it is my nature to interact with people. Going back to my home country, this is virtually impossible especially when in a public

Principles of Disaster Response and Recovery Essay

Principles of Disaster Response and Recovery - Essay Example In this connection every facility in the region shall prepare an Risk management plan which includes hazard assessment, programs to prevent accidental releases and response plans for emergency situations. The initiatives by Florida state administration is highly commendable (Florida, SERC, n.d.). It has set up separate state emergency commission who examines the capability of the state to handle a disaster and also frame policies for risk reduction and management. The state has evolved a well structured risk management programmes and also allows to inspect and audit its system to identify the key inputs to strengthen its risk management initiatives (Florida SERC, n.d.). The regulations released by the Florida state administration have clearly said that the state administration have realized the need for a proper environmental compliance. Though the Department of Homeland Security would have insisted on the implementation of appropriate measures, the local level interventions are thought to be much more than mandatory concerns. The impact of this was to raise the chemical emergency preparedness of the local administration (Cornhill law university, n.d.). The administrator is the responsible person for the release for the list of chemicals and also characterizing them considering the factors like toxicity, reactivity, volatility, dispensability, combustibility and flammability of the substance (Cornhill law university, n.d.). . And also the threshold limits proposed by the administrator for this region is liable to change subjected to different conditions. The various time limits fixed for issuing proper notification in case of any emergency situatio n is also explicitly stated by the administration (Cornhill law university, n.d.). The Federal government has already undertaken several initiatives through the state administration for effective implementation of local level emergency planning . As the impact of the disaster is experienced across regions different regional bodies of administration shall evolve the most effective intervention plans considering the local requirements. The major requirement in all these cases are identification of all the facilities contributing to the risk of the region like hospitals, natural gas stations etc. Preparation and release of documents that help to undertake the response plan that need to be followed by the factory owner, operator and medical personal in case of eventuality. Methods of determination of the presence of hazardous materials and also the population who would be affected shall also be made available for effective intervention. The training programs for both the emergency operators as well as the polluters need to be undertaken that would ensure more comfort in the operation (comprehensive emergency response plans, n.d.). Inclusion of Industry in strategic planning. The strategic planning exercise in the event of emergency and disaster involves a collective action. Though the planning exercise would be in a frame work of federal administration, the more proactive approach need to be from the local and

Why was the original marketing mix extended for the service sector Essay

Why was the original marketing mix extended for the service sector - Essay Example organization may not survive or prosper effectively in this age of tough rivalry. This is because the customers act as the prime potency of any organization but they need to be presented with qualitative services so as to retain them for longer period of time. Only then, a service organization might retain its reputation and brand image in the market among other rivals. However, to do so it is extremely essential to appoint talented and skilled staffs within the organization. This might act as a stimulant in enhancing the level of dedication and devotion of the employees towards work thereby amplifying their standard of performance. The productivity and efficiency of the organization might get enhanced thereby amplifying the rate of profit margin. The brand image and loyalty of the service provider might also get enhanced to significant extent as compared to many other rival players. Moreover, due to the presentation of qualitative services, the level of satisfaction of the customers might also get enhanced thereby amplifying their level of reliability. Hence, it might be depicted from the above mentioned paragraph that qualitative service acts as the guiding force to enhance the competence of the brand as well as its staffs thereby reducing its threat from new entrants. This report is divided into five phrases. It mainly highlights the important of marketing mix in case of service providing organizations. Along with this, it also describes the effectiveness of three P’s i.e. people, physical evidence and process within a service providing organization. Discussion A Definition and importance of service marketing What is service marketing? Service marketing is described as the process of promotion of the products and services to the customers so as to satisfy their needs and desires. The prime objective of service marketing is to present the desired quality of products or services at a competitive cost. It is done so as to satisfy the underlining desires and needs of the customers thereby amplifying their level of loyalty and dependency over the brand. The profit margin as well as productivity of the organization also gets enhanced in this age of competitiveness. Therefore, it might be stated that in spite of being a new phenomenon in marketing, service marketing gained significance mainly due to its urge to present qualitative and value-added services to its customers. Other than this, service marketing gained popularity due to its efforts to present the economic activities generated by the organization to its clients in an effective and disciplined way. For example: proper treatment facilities by the health care organizations, services offered by the hospitality providers such as NHS. The importance of 4p’s The term 4p’s are referred as product, place, price and promotion. Product: This part of the marketing decisions deal with the specifications of actual goods and services. It also takes into account the needs and the wants of the end users. The extent of product category includes warranties, support and guarantees. In case of service category it is difficult to apply the marketing decisions since services can only be judged by quality. In case of similar services the only parameter is quality. For example, customer service facility on a product sold by a company can be judged only by the number of

Cause and effect Essay Example for Free

Cause and effect Essay I am going to be talking about the cause and effects of peer pressure on today’s teens. Most of the time peer pressure is caused when teens develop the strong desire to fit in and be accepted by others. In high school most teens think that to fit in they have to be noticed and do whatever the â€Å"popular crowd† is doing, even if that means they will get in trouble. What some parents don’t realize these days is that they have a strong influence on their children’s lives and how they handle day to day issues. When you’re tuff and set good guide lines for your child and teach them wrong from right they will be less tempted to do wrong because they will have guidance. Some off the effects that peer pressure can cause can be harmful or lead to being kicked out of school. When teens are persuaded into doing the wrong thing there is going to be consequences for their actions. It could result in the child being kicked off of their team, out of school or even worse, they could end up in jail. The causes of peer pressure are very real in today’s society and if your teen or child isn’t careful who they hang around, they might be pressured into doing the wrong thing. Make sure to talk with your child and let them know that you are there for them and they can come to you whenever they need to talk about something.

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures INTRODUCTION: Due to, the increased competitiveness and arduous customers who desire to have high quality products at lowest prices; quality is acknowledged as a source of competitive advantage and have a higher strategic importance, is essential for success. (Spector and Beer 1994; Eskildson 1994) studies have shown that in organizations there are a lot of quality implementation failures, causes for theses failures are due to environmental uncertainty, Firm orientation, and Total quality management (TQM) was not properly addressed. (Puffer and McCarthy 1996) Â   Â   UNCERTAINTY: It means lack of assurance, about something and facts in decision making (Duncan 1972; Lawrence and Lorsch 1967). ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY: It is a state, when conditions are constantly changing within a business environment (jauch and kraft 1986). Environmental uncertainty takes place by complete customer knowledge and for more worth in products and services. It has promoted the business scene, accordingly, feat of any organization now rely more on its ability for delivering quality products and services to customers. So, Business organizations are now confronted with a triangle of problems that they must sort out for building sustainability and success. This is by practicing uncertainty, strategy, and quality. UNCERTAINTY DIMENSIONS: Environmental uncertainty rises or falls as environments differ along five simple dimensions: Homogeneity-heterogeneity: It is the number and range of areas having impact on the organization. Concentration- dispersion: it is interconnection between components of the environment Stability-turbulence: The rate and scale of change in the environment Resource Scarcity- Resource Munificence: richness and accessibility of resources Hostility-Supportiveness: it is the degree of competition and level of getting of the organization The challenge of current companies is to endure and grow while growing in a complex and harsh international market. Change has to be eternal, for example, as the attainment of new abilities. Change can thus only be observed as the important attitude of an organization. By evaluating this environment offers vision of the unique changes, the effects of these changes have on a firms strategies, and the making of special methods required understanding them. CHANGE MANAGEMENT Organizational change management (OCM): It is an organization structural process, used for safeguarding that changes are easily and effectively implemented, and that the lifelong benefits of change can be accomplished. CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODELS: KOTTERS EIGHTS STEPS TO CHANGE This model copes for knowing and handling change. Every stage admits an important principle linking to peoples reaction and approach to change, where people understand, sense and then make change. The model is intended on research which demonstrates that there are eight critical steps an organization or team demands to use in order to make sure that change occurs and sticks properly. (Kotter, 1996) BRIDGE TRANSITION MODEL: With the support of Bridge transition model, we can have awareness about the feelings of our workers and operate conditions according to the way that hold the changes committedly. It is a three phase procedure, where people slowly adopted the facts of new circumstances and the change that derived with it. ROGERS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION CURVE: It defines the acceptance or adoption of a new innovation or product, along with the psychological and demographic features of acceptor groups. It is exemplified as bell curve. The model shows that first group of people that use a new product is innovators, and subsequent is early adopters. Next group is early and late majority and the last group that finally accept a product are called laggards. The curve makes the base of 5 step procedure of technology adoption; Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation. KUBLER- ROSS FIVE STAGE MODEL This Model was developed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1960s. It is use to describe the grieving procedures. She suggests a sequence of feelings practiced by fatally ill patients before death, in which the five stages are anger, bargaining, depression denial, and acceptance. The Change Curve was a firm feature in change management circles By the 1980s. The curve, and its related emotions, can be accustomed to predict that how performance is probably affected by the declaration and following implementation of a vital change. PROSCI ADKAR model This Model offers a modest and action-focused five-step procedure. It is used by managers, directors and even workers to recognize and eliminate fences for making positive change. Individuals make changes effectively when they contain the essential Awareness, Knowledge, Desire, Ability and Reinforcement. PARTICIPATORY METHODS: It contains a sequence of actions with a common line. It allows common people to play a dynamic and significant role in making choices which affect their lives (Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide, 2000). This method is used by publics, researchers, and donors. Its outcome is involvements of local realities, and it direct towards a well-supported and permanent social change. EXTENT OF UNCERTAINTY: It is the degree of rise in environmental vitality and intricacy (Johnson and Scholes 1999). Therefore, in complex environmental situations there are, larger level of uncertainty in the environment . Low uncertainty: An environmental change affecting the uncertainty is low. For example, variations in customer tastes are low, perhaps because of there are less factors that influence on demand. Moderate uncertainty: It links between low complexity and high dynamism. High uncertainty: The environment is extremely dynamic a d intricate and the links among the modules of the environment and the organization are uncertain. This makes selections more problematic. For instance, the broadcastings business is facing some uncertainties about technology, government rules, demand etc. All these uncertainties link in changeable techniques and use to predict the environment and improve reasonable choices. Strategy and Environmental Uncertainty They are closely related to environmental uncertainty. The degree of uncertainty perhaps is objective and assessable or subjective and apparent. The significant matter is that in such environments how organizations behave. (Zahra, 1987) determines that businesses that follow diverse type of strategic aspects will be inclined to observe their environment in a different way. (Hambrick, 1983), (Miller, 1986), (Snow and Hrebiniak, 1980) usually determined that these strategy types acts inversely under different environmental situations. STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH UNCERTAINTY IN ORGANIZATIONS: There are number of strategies that are used by organizations to encounter uncertainties of the business environment. (Miles and Snow, 1978) strategy is a strong description of the strategic behavior of organizations. It redirects a wide number of strategies and complete view to strategy conceptualization (Venkatraman, 1989). Four Basic Strategy types: The organizations can implement one of four approaches when retorting to uncertainty in their environment: (Miles and Snow, 1978) Prospector: (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopted or follows this strategy is highly advanced and continually seeking out new markets and new prospects and they are oriented towards growth and risk taking. Firms can use3M strategies. And Johnson Johnson Company relate decentralization with a prospector strategy. Defender: It focuses on accommodating its present markets, keeping steady growth, and serving its present customers. For example, BIC Company used defender strategies; it has implemented a less violent, less business style of management and has taken to protect its considerable market share in the industry. Analyzer: An organization that assumed this strategy has market share and seeks to be groundbreaking. For example, IBM uses analyzer strategies. Thousands of their clients have bought IBM computers over the last some decades. It is in IBMs attention to keep these clients content and to lead new products and services that modernize their computer amenities. Another example contains Proctor Gamble (PG) has proven numerous name brand products, for instance Tide laundry and Crest toothpaste, it is significant for PG to stand to invest in its effective products, so as to keep financial performance Reactor: (Miles and Snow, 1978) an organization that monitors a reactor strategy has no reliable strategic approach; it floats with environmental proceedings, reacting to but failing to anticipate or influence those events. According to (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopt a methodical and distinguishable outline of behavior toward environmental adaptation. An organizations strategy tackles three types of complications, Entrepreneurial: This relates that how an organization faces itself to the market. Engineering: It refers to the technical system of the organization. Administrative: It refers that how an organization tries to organize and implement its strategies, specifically, control, structure, and procedure issues. TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING CHANGE EFFECTIVELY For Successfully Managing the change needs a shifting of the firm from its present condition to the state according to its future needs at negligible cost to the organization. (Wallington, 2000) Key steps are as follows: Firstly, familiarity with the present state is very necessary. This includes finding problems that company faces, assigning a degree of status to each person, and evaluating the kinds of changes required to resolve the problems. It involves imaging the Future state of the organization. This includes considering the perfect state for the company after the implementation of change, assigning this vision perceptibly to everyone involved in the change endeavor, and designing a waysof change to the new state. Stability is an important part of the transition for instance the companys mission and workers should help constantly in the uncertainty in order to aid and reduce peoples unease. All change should include employees at certain level. Organizational change needs to be clarified and linked, especially changes that affect how employees do their jobs. It involves the Implementing of change in well-ordered manner. This contains managing the transition successfully. It is supportive to assemble a plan, assign resources, and employ an important person to take responsibility of the change procedure. For this, The Companys leaders must do effort to create interest for the change by partaking their aims and vision and acting as role models. (Murray and Greenes, 2006) When a change process is done, it is always worthy to follow-up after implementation and measure how the change are employed and whether the implemented change deliver the intended results. Conclusion The current day organizations main challenge is to endure and even grow while developing in a complex and cruel international market. Change must be eternal, just as the gaining of new capabilities. Management plays very important role in bringing and implementing change in an organization proper functioning. While dealing with uncertain environment in business organization, there is also of responsibility come to on their shoulders. Managers challenge contains originating the change central for the company, so that assemble the human energy toward building and action, so as to correspond the structures with the accessible human potential. Thus, Personnel will be the performers of an evaluative procedure instead of the sufferers of a revolution. Change can hence only be observed as the important approach of an organization. It should ensue as a natural and liberal behavior that is applied by personnel themselves. The Change Management also play vital role in organizations uncertain c ircumstance it familiarizes and monitors organizations through complex and problematic changes. CMG is a global management referring secure staff by Manufacturing and Structural MBAs and Psychologists REFRENCES: Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000 PDF: Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide. WaterAid. 2002. Kotter J, (1996), Leading Change, Boston:Harvard Business School Press Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000. Wischenvsky, J. Daniel and Fariborz Damanpour. Organizational Transformation and Performance: An examination of three perspectives. Journal of Managerial Issues. Spring 2006. Murray, Art and Kent Greenes. The Enterprise of the Future. KMWorld. March 2006. Spector, B., and M. Beer. 1994. Beyond TQM program. Journal of Organizational Change Management 7, no. 2: 63-70. Puffer, S. M., and McCarthy. 1996. A framework for leadership in TQM context. Journal of Quality Management 1, no. 1: 109-130. Duncan, R. B. 1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Sciences 17: 313-327. Jauch, L., and K. Kraft. 1986. Strategic management of uncertainty. Academy of Management Review 11: 777-790. Zahra, S. 1987. Corporate strategic types, environmental perceptions, managerial philosophies, and goals: An empirical study. Akron Business and Economic Review (Summer) 18, no. 2: 63-74. Snow, C. C., and L. G. Hrebiniak. 1980. Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 25: 317-335. Hambrick, D. C. 1983. Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of miles and snow strategic types. Academy of Management Journal 26, no. 1: 5-26.

Number Of Variations And The Impact Of Variations

Number Of Variations And The Impact Of Variations Controls for Variations and Variation Orders have been suggested by many researchers (Mokhtar et al., 2000; Ibbs et al., 2001). Below are 30 approach identified from a literature review to reduce number and the impact of Variations. These approach were categorized into three categories: Design stage, Construction stage and Design- Construction interface stage. Design Stage Approach to Control Variations Item Variation Reduction approach Descriptions Source 1 Review of contract documents Comprehensive and balanced Variation clauses would be helpful in improving coordination and communication quality .Conflicts between contract documents can result in misinterpretation of the actual requirement of a project. (CII, 1994a) 2 Freezing design Variations in design can affect a project adversely depending on the timing of the occurrence of the changes. Therefore, freezing the design is a strong control method. Many owners freeze the design and close the door for variations after the completion of the drawings. (CII, 1990a) 3 Value engineering at conceptual phase During the design phase, value engineering can be a cost saving exercise, as at this stage, Variation in any design element would not require rework or demolition at the construction site. Value engineering at the conceptual stage can assist in clarifying project objectives and reducing design discrepancies. (DellIsola, 1982). 4 Involvement of professionals at initial stages of project Involvement of professionals in design may assist in developing better designs by accommodating their creative and practical ideas. This practices would assist in developing a comprehensive design with minimum discrepancies .Practical ideas that are not accommodated during the design phase may affect the project adversely. Variation during the construction phase is a costly activity as it may initiate numerous changes to construction activities. (Arain et al., 2004) (OBrien, 1998). 5 Employers involvement at planning and design phase Involvement of the Employer at the design phase would assist in clarifying the project objectives and identifying noncompliance with their requirements at the early stage .Hence, this may help in eliminating Variations during the construction stage where the impact of the Variations can be severe (Fisk, 1997) 6 Involvement of contractor at planning and scheduling process Involvement of the Employer at the design phase would assist in clarifying the project objectives and identifying noncompliance with their requirements at the early stage .Hence, this may help in eliminating Variations during the construction stage where the impact of the variations can be severe. (Fisk, 1997). 7 Thorough detailing of design A clearer design tends to be comprehended more readily. This would also assist in identifying the errors and omissions in design at an early stage. Eventually, thorough detailing of design can eliminate Variations arising from ambiguities and errors in design. (OBrien, 1998) 8 Clear and thorough project brief A clear and thorough project brief is an important control for Variations in construction projects as it helps in clarifying the project objectives to all the participants. Eventually, this may reduce the design errors and noncompliance with the Employers requirements. (OBrien, 1998) 9 Reducing contingency sum The provision of a large contingency sum may affect the construction team working approaches. This is because the designer may not develop a comprehensive design and would consequently carry out the rectifications in design as Variations during the later stages of the construction project. Therefore, reducing the contingency sum would be helpful in ensuring that the professionals carry out their jobs with diligence. Construction Stage Approach to Control Variations Item Variation Reduction approach Descriptions Source 1 Clarity of Variation Order procedures Clarity of Variation Order procedures is an integral part of effective management of Variation Orders. Early in the project construction stage, the procedures should be identified and made clear to all parties. Clarity of Variation Order procedures would help in reducing the processing time and other mishandling issues. (Mokhtar et al., 2000) (Ibbs et al., 2001). 2 Written approvals Any Variation in the work that involves a change in the original price must be approved in writing by the Employer before a Variation can be executed. Any party signing of behalf of the Employer must have written authorization from the Employer. It is difficult to prove the right for compensation if there is no such authorization from the Employer. In the hectic environment of construction, many verbal agreements can be forgotten, leaving the Contractor without any legal proof to get compensation for the Variations works. (CII, 1990a; Hester et al., 1991; Cox, 1997). 3 Variation Order scope A well defined scope can assist the professional team in recognizing and planning appropriately to minimize the negative impact of the Variation. The original scope should be clear and well defined to distinguish between a Variation of scope and a Variation due to design development. It is common that there are disagreement between parties in a project was about defining the Variation scope. Thus, the effective definition of the scope of work helps us to identify and manage Variations. (Ibbs et al. 2001). (CII ,1994b) 4 Variation logic and justification Variation logic and justification for implementation was one of the principles of effective change management. This principle required a change to be classified as required or elective. Required changes were required to meet original objectives of the project while elective changes were additional features that enhanced the project. Knowing the logic and justification behind the proposed Variations assist the professionals in promoting beneficial Variations and eliminating non-beneficial Variations. Proposed by (Ibbs et al. 2001). 5 Appointment Project manager from an independent firm to manage the project Involvement of a project manager from an independent firm would assist in eliminating Variations that arise due to the lack of coordination among professionals. This practice may assist in reducing design discrepancies through early reviews of the contract documents and drawings. (Arain et al., 2004) 6 Restricted pre-qualification system for awarding projects A restricted pre-qualification system for awarding projects would act as a filter to select only the capable Contractors for project bids. (Chan and Yeong, 1995; Fisk, 1997) 7 Employers involvement during construction phase Involvement of the Employer during the construction phase would assist in identifying noncompliance with the requirements and in approving the Variations promptly .The involvement of the Employer during the construction phase allows to keep him aware of ongoing activities and assist in prompt decision making. (Ibbs et al., 2001). 8 Avoid use of open tendering Competitive open tendering usually encourages the Contractor to price very low to win the contract, especially in bad times when they are in need of jobs. This practice would give rise to the Contractor trying to claim more to compensate for the low price award. Avoiding the use of open tender would help in eliminating the risks of unfair bids. This may also help in reduces Variations that may arise due to the contractors bidding strategy. (Chan and Yeong, 1995) 9 Use of project scheduling/management techniques To manage a Variation means being able to anticipate its effects and to control, or at least monitor, the associated cost and time impact. The most known scheduling techniques in the construction industry are CPM, PERT and Gantt chart; Microsoft Project These techniques are helpful in identifying the critical path of any Variations on subsequent construction activities. Well planned and close monitoring on the schedule plan will helps to reduce the Variations effects on the project. (Hester et al., 1991) (Clough and Sears, 1994). (Mokhtar et al., 2000). 10 Comprehensive documentation of variation order Through timely notification and documentation of Variation Orders, participants will have kept their rights and thereby their option to pursue a subsequent claim or to defend against a claim. One of the most aggravating conditions is the length of time that elapses between the time when a proposed contract modification is first announced and when the matter is finally rejected or approved as a Variation Order. Documentation of Variation and claims had assisted in tracking the effects of the Variation and claim events on time and cost. A documented source of knowledge about previous Variation instructions would be helpful in making decisions concerning the appropriate handling of Variation instructions. (Cox, 1997; OBrien, 1998). (Fisk, 1997) Cox (1997) Design-Construction Interface Stage Approach to Control Variations Item Variation Reduction approach Descriptions Source 1 Prompt approval procedures One of the most aggravating conditions is the length of time that elapses between the time when a proposed contract modification is first announced and when the matter is finally rejected or approved as a Variation .However, the longer the period between recognition and implementation, the more costly the change will be. (Fisk, 1997). 2 Ability to negotiate Variation Ability to negotiate Variation is an important factor for the effective control of Variations. Effective negotiation can assist the professional team in minimizing the negative impacts of the Variation. There are certain skills required for effective negotiation of Variations, i.e., the knowledge of contract terms, project details, technology, labour rates, equipment, methods and communication skills. (Clough and Sears, 1994) (Cushman and Butler, 1994) 3 Valuation of indirect effects Consequential effects can occur later in the downstream phases of a project. Therefore, it is essential to acknowledge this possibility and establish the mechanism to evaluate its consequences. Professionals should thus evaluate the total overall effects a change may have on the later phases of a project, in order to manage the Variations effectively. (Ibbs et al., 2001). 4 Team effort by Employer, consultant and Contractor to control Variation Coordination is important in a multi-participant environment as in most construction projects Detrimental Variations, which affect the projects negatively, can usually be managed at an early stage with due diligence in coordination. (CII, 1994a; Assaf et al., 1995). 5 Utilize work breakdown structure A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a management tool for identifying and defining work. A Contractor should consider using the this as an evaluation tool, especially on large projects. If a Variation involves work not previously included in the WBS, it can be logically added to the WBS and its relationship with the other WBS element can be easily checked. Domino effects can also be traced by the use of WBS. (Hester et al., 1991; Mokhtar et al., 2000). (Hester et al., 1991) 6 Continuous coordination and direct communication coordination, and frequent communication are essential to reduce miscommunication among team members, hence reduce the chances of occurring Variations (Assaf et al., 1995). 7 Control the potential for Variations to arise through contractual clauses Selection of the appropriate standard contract form (JKR, PAM2006 etc) with the necessary and unambiguous Variation clauses would be helpful in the management of Variations. Clear procedures presented in the contract and fair allocation of risks can help in resolving disputes through negotiation rather than litigation. (Cox, 1997) 8 Comprehensive site investigation Comprehensive site investigations assist in proper planning for construction activities. Differing site conditions are an important cause of delays in large building projects. Therefore, a comprehensive site investigation would help in reducing potential Variations in a project. (Fisk, 1997). 9 Use of collected and organized project data compiled by Employer, consultant and Contractor The Variations works should always be documented for future references. Hence, better controls for Variations were achievable by sharing a database compiled by all the team members (Fisk, 1997). 10 Knowledge-base of previous similar projects From the outset, project strategies and philosophies should take advantage of lessons learned from past similar projects. If professionals have a knowledge-base established on past similar projects, it would assist the professional team to plan more effectively before starting a project, both during the design phase as well as during the construction phase, minimize and control Variations and their effects. (CII, 1994b). 11 Comprehensive analysis and prompt decision making through computerized knowledge-based decision support system A Decision Support System (DSS) approach for management decisions seems to be the ideal approach to follow. The system would be helpful in presenting an example scenario of the causes of Variations, their relevant effects and potential controls that would assist in decision making at the early stage of the Variations occurring. (Miresco and Pomerol, 1995).

The Chosen - Historic Events :: essays research papers

Chaim Potok uses historic events to help shape the plot of The Chosen and create conflicts and challenges for the characters to overcome. Specifically, the Holocaust and the Zionist movement create a feeling of aversion between the Malters and the Saunders by setting the Malters' reform Jewish, Zionist beliefs against those of the Hasidic, anti-Zionist Saunders. In the end of The Chosen, after the strength of Reuven and Danny's friendship has been thoroughly tested, their bond emerges just as healthy as it was prior to their estrangement. The characters' reactions to these events shape the entire second half of The Chosen. When the news of the intense Nazi persecution of the Jews reaches New York, the Malters and the Saunders are intensely disturbed. While David Malter is reading an account of the terror of the Holocaust, Reuven sees him "break down and weep like a child"(180). Reb Saunders shows his grief when he sighs, "How the world makes us suffer"(181). Danny and Reuven are also "tense and distraught"(181) after an original feeling of shock. Although both families' initial reactions are identical, their solutions to the persecution of the Hebrews are radically different. Differences in ideology between the two families of The Chosen cause conflict between the two patriarchs and their sons. The Hasidic viewpoint, which is shared by Danny and Reb Saunders, is that everything that happens on Earth is the result of God's will. Therefore, the Holocaust is what God wanted. Reb Saunders believes that there is nothing they can do but "accept the will of God"(181) and that no human intervention is necessary or even tolerable. Conversely, David and Reuven Malter believe that the Jewish people "cannot wait for God"(182), and that they must "replace the treasures [the Jewish people] have lost"(182). David Malter is not as sure that the future rests solely in God's hands as Reb Saunders is and says, "If we do not rebuild Jewry in America, we will die as a people"(182). The Malters share a more widely accepted view that they live in a world that can be changed for better or for worse by people's thoughts and actions. Therefore, the Malters believe that people must either speak and act against injustices or expect the worst for the world and its populace. The ideas of David, Reuven and other reform Jews sparked new interest in the notion of a Hebrew state in Palestine. Zionism was an idea with a long history, but it starts to involve the characters of The Chosen and picks up intensity after the Holocaust.

Love and Marriage an Affliction or an Alliance: Deceit and Betrayal in

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance period marriage and love were idealized, divine and celebrated. Weddings were large events that included the entire families of both the groom and the bride. Reality was different; women were viewed as being fickle, inferior to men and a possession of men. Women had very little, if any, choice in who they would marry. Marriages were arranged so that both families would benefit in gaining wealth or power. Even though the ruler of England for over 4 decades was female, women were still not respected. Women were kept at home and not allowed to take place in public events. In Shakespeare’s Richard III, male and female relationships are displayed as deeply cynical and are based on lies, lust and political gain. First, the relationship between Lady Anne and Richard is not the only, but one example, of a relationship that is based on lies. As Lady Anne mourns over the murder of her father-in-law Henry VI, Richard comes and greets her with â€Å"sweet saint† (1.2.49) and â€Å"bolsters this greeting with a string of compliments, to which she responds with curses† (Miner, 47). Richard says that the reason he murdered Henry VI and Edward is because of her beauty. â€Å"Your beauty was the cause of that effect/ Your beauty, that did haunt me in my sleep/ To undertake the death of all the world (1.2.126-128)†. In saying this, Richard â€Å"directs culpability from himself and onto the female figure† (Miner, 47). Richard thought that â€Å"her beauty served as incentive for murder† (Miner, 48). But he lied; he killed both to get closer to the throne, and wooed Anne for the same reason. Second, the relationship between Princess Elizabeth and Richard serves as an example of one that is based on lust. Since Elizabeth â€Å"remains t... ...chard are used as political gain and the new King Richmond is crowned. The basis’s of these relationships are weak and did not, or in some cases, will not last. Richard realizes that Anne is no longer any use to him, and makes a plan to kill her. â€Å"Rumour it abroad / The Anne my wife is very grievous sick / I will take order for her keeping close (4.2.51-53)†. Queen Elizabeth saves her daughter from Richard and sends a proposal to Richmond. Richmond may try to form a closer bond with Elizabeth, or abuse his new power as king. Therefore, the examples in the play give us the message that, relationships that are not based on love, personality and happiness will end unsuccessfully. â€Å"Ay me, for aught that I could ever read / Could ever hear by tale or history / The course of true love never did run smooth (Shakespeare, "A Midsummer Night's Dream" 1.1.132-134)†.

physics lab speed of sound in air :: essays research papers

Physics Waves Lab SL Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This lab will investigate the properties of mechanical waves such as a longitudinal wave, focusing on the question: Does a change in the frequency of a wave result in a significant and convincing change in the speed of the wave? Hypothesis: Changing the frequency of the wave will not result in a change in speed because the wavelength will change proportionally as in theory. Student Designed Investigation Procedure/ Planning Procedure: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three students would get into a group. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Slinky would be spread along a table or along the floor and set up as it shows on the diagram above for about 4 meters. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For proper data, the length of the floor was measured and marked with a tape. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A student would make small waves, while another would time it with a stopwatch until it reaches the other side. This step would be repeated, however the wave would be bigger or smaller, in order to find out if changing the frequency, the speed would change. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the data recoded for many different waves, the velocity would be compared for all of them. Materials: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slinky 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role-up meter stick 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stopwatch 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tape 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pen/Pencil 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three Lab partners Proposal (diagram) of each Trial: Trial 1:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trial 2:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trial 3: Trial 4: Trial 5: Planning: According to theory, as frequency changes, the wavelength will change proportionally; therefore, speed will remain the same. By following the procedure that our student design recommends, it will successfully control the variables that should not be changed, such as the slinky, its stretch distance, and the temperature, in order to prove the theory above. The independent variable would be the frequency of the wave, which would change in every trial, while the dependent would be time, which would later be used to find the speed of the traveling wave. In order to collect data, two students would hold the slinky while on would make waves, and a third person would measure the time. A table similar to this should be done after collecting data: Trial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speed. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An estimation of the number of waves over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time it took for the first wave to reach the end.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speed=distance/time 2†¦(more trials) 5 recommended  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data Calculations: The student should fill the table above, and compare the results. After collection the speed of each wave, a graph should be drawn where the y axis is the speed, and the x axis should be the frequency. Uncertainty: The uncertainty of this lab would be based on the timing of the student, and the distance that was measured for the slinky.

Discussion of Ias 17 Leases

Advanced Accounting Theory & Practice Assignment: Discussion of IAS 17 Leases Huixuan HUANG Student ID: 500284151 Module Organizer: Colin Bradley Words Count: 1964 words Date of Submission: 17th April, 2012 Discussion of IAS 17 Leases Introduction Accounting for leasing is always being a hot topic. The standard setters of IAS 17 encountered much controversy when they tried to stop charging all lease payments to the income statement.In this essay, firstly, I will point out the key features of the current IAS 17 with its effect on General Electric Company for illustrative example. Then I will analyst the development of IAS 17 and its underling rationale. Finally, the criticisms of the standard will mainly be discussed, followed by the brief debate of proposed new leasing standard. Key features with example IAS 17 aims to prescribe the appropriate accounting treatment and disclosure to apply in leased items such as property, plant and equipment for both lessees (the user) and lessor s (the supplier).First of all, IAS 17 defines a lease as â€Å"an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time† (IAS 17) and then the standard classified a lease as finance lease if â€Å"a lease that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset† (IAS 17). All other leases are distinguished as operating leases. It is the most prominent feature of IAS 17.Clearly, the classification of a lease, ignoring the legal form of arrangement, depends on the substance of the transaction instead, which means it concentrate on the â€Å"risks and rewards† linked with ownership rest with either the lessee or the lessor. IAS 17 provides five primary situations in detail as indicators which would normally be viewed as a finance lease. Additionally, the land element and the buildings element should be normally considered separately whe n distinguishing a lease. The minimum lease payments are allocated between the elements of the lease proportional to their relative fair values at the incipiency of the lease.Of course, IAS 17 requires different accounting for operating leases and finance leases. In the case of operating leases, as the lessee does not shoulder the risks and rewards of ownership, the annual leases payment are only recognizes on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an expense through the income statement. However, for finance leases, lessees are required to list leased items as an asset in their financial statements along with a related obligation for future payments to the lessor. It means it is not allowed to leave the leased asset and lease obligation out of the balance sheet.Finance leases must be capitalized in the lessee’s accounts. Take General Electric Company for example. As a lessee in operating leases, GE recognizes the lease payment as an expense on a straight-line basis ove r the lease term. Their rental expense under operating leases is shown as following. Cited from GE Annual report 2011 At December 31, 2011, minimum rental under operating leases for GE and GECS aggregated $2,387 million and$2,119 million, respectively. Amounts payable in the next five years follow. Cited from GE Annual report 2011As a lessor in operating leases, it presents these assets in statements of financial position according to the nature of the asset. The depreciation policy for leased assets is consistent with GE’s normal depreciation policy for similar assets. Lease revenue from operating leases is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. GECS revenues from equipment leased to others were $11,343 million in 2011 and$11,116 million in 2010. As IAS 17 requires, under finance leases, GECS recognize assets in balance sheet and present them as financing receivables at an amount equal to the net investment in lease.Its investment in finance lease s includes direct financing and leveraged leases of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, transportation equipment, medical equipment, commercial real estate, commercial equipment and facilities, etc. Net investment in financing leases is following: Cited from GE Annual report 2011 According to IAS 17, many large companied such as GE have to convert their operating leases to finance leases. Such a conversion results in increasing on both current liabilities and total liabilities.These increases might have significant implication for financial analysis. Development of IAS 17 and its underlying rationale The growth in the leasing industry became massive in 1970s, which means leasing had been a significant economic resource. However, accompanied with the growth in off balance sheet financing, leasing in popularity led to a problem that companies’ financial statements were seemed to be distorted by the accounting treatment of leasing transaction. Thus, they did not show a true and fa ir view about their business activities by financial reports.Like many other standards, urgent action was needed as there was no uniformity in treating and disclosing the lease transactions to prevent manipulated accounting message occurring. IAS 17 proved to be very controversial accounting standards. Time witnessed the extent of the controversy. Originally, IAS 17 was published in September 1982 by the IASC and revised in December 1997. In December 2003, it was revised again and issued by the IASB. In April 2009, an amendment about the classification if land leases as a part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs as made to IAS. Then the revised IAS 17 remains effect to now. The ASC in the UK expressed a concern that the standard might lead to undesirable economic consequences by reducing the quantity of leasing and that the lessee firm’s gearing might be affected disadvantageously by the inclusion of the lease responsibility. Nevertheless, â€Å"in the event, the commercial reasons for leasing and the capacity of the leasing industry to structure lease agreements to circumvent the standard prevented a reduction in lease activity.Evidence of lessors varying the term of the lease agreements to ensure that they remained off balance sheet is supported by Cranfield and by Abdel-Khalik et al. †(2008, Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. ) In current IAS 17, the leased items that substantially transferred the risks and reward to the lessee should be reported in the financial statements. The standard requires finance leases to be capitalized. The asset and liability should be brought onto the statement of financial position. Criticisms of IAS 17Unfortunately, there are strong criticisms raised in relation to the existing IAS 17S by securities regulators, professional accountants and other interested parties. The main criticisms focus on the failure of the existing accounting model to meet the needs of financial analysis for users of financial statement. Commonly, investors and other users of financial statements believe operating leases produce assets and liabilities so they routinely adjust the recognized amounts to recognize the assets and liabilities so as to make comment the effect of lease contracts in profit or loss.However, there are deficiencies in the information on leasing accounting in the current IAS 17. It cannot provide a complete picture of a company’s leasing activities and is difficult to compare entities each other. Equally importantly, existing IAS 17 could provide opportunities to structure leasing transactions whereby lease contracts can be built in a particular way in order to achieve a particular lease classification and lead to a particular outcome. For instance, a lease contract could be fabricated in such a way that it is not in accord with any bright-line indicators of IAS 17.Consequently, it is classified as an operating lease in order to obtain an economic source of unrecognized financing and thereby achi eves a particular capital structure. Moreover, the two different accounting models for leases might lead to very different accounting treatment for similar transactions. This also reduces comparability for users of financial statements. Some critics of IAS 17 have pointed out another problem that the existing accounting model is conceptually deficient. IAS 17 only identifies as liabilities obligations due under finance leases, not those under operating leases.Specifically, arriving at a lease contract, the lessee obtains the right to use the leased equipment, which fulfills the board’s definition of an asset. Similarly, the obligation of the lessee to pay rentals also meets the definition of a liability. However, the right and obligation are not recognized if we identify the lease as an operating lease. In addition, accounting model for leases growingly differs from other contractual arrangements, which gives rise to inconsistent accounting between lease arrangements and simi lar arrangements that are not defined as lease arrangements.Besides, managers and auditors have complained about complexity of the existing accounting model. Especially, it is difficult to define a distinction line between finance leases and operating leases in theoretical way. As a result, the standards employ bright-line tests and a mixture of subjective judgment, which is hard to implement. Future of IAS 17——Draft ED/2010/09 In March 2009, a joint discussion paper on leases issued by the IASB and the FASB. The objective of this project is to correct and improve those deficiencies in IAS 17.On 17 August 2010, the exposure draft, Draft ED/2010/09, was published to set out a proposal for a new IFRS on leases. There are more than seven hundred comment letters received on it. A re-exposure is expected in the second quarter in 2012. The board plan to issue the new standard after 1 January 2013. The ED would correct the apparent weaknesses in the current standard and the p roposal would lead to a significant improvement. The distinction between finance leases and operating leases would be eliminated. It would set out new accounting methods on leasing for both lessees and lessors.Within the scope of the proposal, lessees would be no longer permitted to treat leasing as off-balance sheet financing in the right-of-use model but would be reflected as assets and liabilities, regardless of the form structure, if they meet the definitions in the Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, ED/2010/6 would help to show a more accurate measure of a company’s gearing or capital structure and enhance the comparability characteristic of financial reports. However, new issues emerge that need further consideration. For the proposed revenue standards, further clarification is needed on the â€Å"continuous transfer of control† criterion.The proposal might give rise to diverse explanation for certain types of contracts. Secondly, although the lessons’ acc ounting in proposal is conceptually sound, the lessors’ accounting lacks theoretical virtue. Employing a hybrid model is contrary to the single right-of-use model. The performance obligation method recognizes the underlying assets, lease receivables and two income streams, interest income and lease income as well. It is conceptually weak because, in reality, there is only one underlying asset and one income stream from lease payments.Although this approach brings about significant economic benefits, side-effect could also occur when testing impairment of underlying assets and lease receivables. Turning to derecognition approach, although it more closely consists with the single right-of-use model and has more theoretical merits, its new concept of residual asset requires further deliberation. For instance, whether it meets the definition of an asset? If it is so, is it a tangible asset or an intangible asset? Conclusion Although the current IAS 17 encountered many comments, t he joint leases roject is still under development and the explained provisions are not final. There is no doubt that the proposed new leasing standard provides a more accurate representation of the economic transaction in the leasing field. The users of financial statements will make better decision with more complete information. But to some extent, it is more onerous than the existing accounting rules so that probably, some small entities daunt their progress faced with the increasing complexity rules and investors will have to calculate by themselves on the implications of this new information.So IAS  17 still works. Hopefully, the final standard is expected to be issued later in 2012 and to become effective in late 2013 or early 2014. In short, it cannot be disputed that it is crucial for anyone to clearly understand the new standard that is keen to interpret financial statements accurately.Reference [1] Billenness, L. (2010), ‘The Future of Lessee Accounting: Everything You Wish You Never Had to Know About the New Lease Accounting Standards’, EMEA ViewPiont, December 2010 [2] Byrnes, N. 2006), ‘You May Be Liable for That Lease: FASB’s Review of Lease Accounting Standards Could Really Hammer Retailers’, Business Week, June 5 2006 [3] Deloitte’s IFRS Global Office, (2010), ‘IFRS in Focus——IASB issues Exposure Draft on Lease Accounting’, [Online] Available at: http://www. iasplus. com/en/publications/ifrs-in-focus/2010/ifrs-in-focus-2014-iasb-issues-exposure-daft-on-lease-accounting-august-2010/file [Accessed 4 April 2012] [4] Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008), ‘Financial Accounting and Reporting’, 12th edition, London: Pearson Education Limited, pp433-448 [5] Grossman, A.M. and Grossman, S. D. (2010), ‘Capitalizing Lease Payments: Potential Effects of the FASB/IASB Plan’, CPA Journal, May 2010 [6] IASB (2010), ‘Snapshot: Leases’, [Online] Available a t: http://www. ifrs. org/NR/rdonlyres/FBE30248-225B-48AF-AAE5-96494D83A978/0/LeasesSnapShot0810. pdf [Accessed 16 April 2012] [7] IASC Foundation staff, ‘Technical Summary: IAS 17 Leases’, [Online] Available at:http://www. iasb. org/NR/rdonlyres/B8ABE9AA-8F5B-4301-866E-ED2D423504E7/0/ias17sum. pdf [Accessed 4 April 2012] [8] IAS 17 [Online] Available at:

Personal Statement on Nursing Essay

Nurses would do everything in their elbow grease to make a patient detect better both emotionally and physically. That is too my ultimate goal. The aspiration to study c atomic number 18 for motivates me to study hard and read references and news show extensively. My interest in nursing dates top to my years in high school. When I was a senior, I took an applied scholarship course in health studies, and pee-pee high marks in divers(prenominal) subject such as health check, elementary anatomy and basic flavor support. Honorably, I was also invited to demonstrate the skills of basic emotional state support in the graduation ceremony. However, I did not want to go into the medical business line. Nursing seemed to be the only field I want to go into. The University of Hong Kong is with a high reputation especially in Nursing and my interest in care has deepened after I talked to students studying there. I am particularly impressed with the trade program in nursing, which I manage among the best in Hong Kong.To show my excitement in nursing, I have interpreted related courses, such as health care assistance, physiotherapy assistance and first-year aid. I am also delightful to be able to perish with somewhat excellent nurses that really cared about their patients in practical training. Such experiences prepare me to tho my studies in this field. Skills in conversation and cooperation are the must a nurse should render with. Being Stage Manager, supervising the work of whole backstage team, and captain of basketball team not only jockstrap strengthen my inter-personal skills, but also communication skills as considerably as leadership skills.In Form 6, I was invited to be the house chairperson, managing all the house pierce and organizing activities. It is a position, which enables me to develop an intimate birth with house members and collaborate with other houses to ingest some major events. I am an outgoing and cheerful person. My ho bbies are wide-ranged, ranging from basketball, football and badminton to listening music, watching television and information books. I will be regal to be able to share aspects of my life that are not apparent from my academic record. If I am offered a retrieve to study the program, I will do my utmost to complete the curriculum well and motivate others to be a correct nurse.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

Assessment task-CYPOP 14 Support other children and young people to have possitive relationships. Part 1- The relative importance of positive relationships. Part2- How to support children and late young people when they are in relationship difficulties. 1.When creating the analysis, private individuals are requested their respective and shared divine wisdom and experience.? Skills and own ideas can be shared. ? Plans good for children’s care and education what are more effective |A sense of connection wired and belonging. Good relationships how are really important for our wellbeing. Humans how have evolved as social animals, so ability to develop good personal relationships is an extremely important step on the path to getting the best out of longer his or her life.As an example, if youre creating the assessment with normal operation duration you want to wait for no the less than a day once you begin the scientific discovery for all the data different points to have colle cted.

Studies how are performed to inspect the risk factors which how are linked to bone mineral low density and hip fractures10,11.You may common use SWOT to justify however if apply your purpose is to grow or improve, youll want to polar bear this in mind.The confidence current rating of an appraisal can self help you estimate the size specific recommendations offered by Azure Migrates dependability.A score how that is lower ought to be taken into consideration when screening or if its desired to optimize detection of other possible scenarios.

It is simpler to social work from 1 tool than many.These different tasks must be performed by a skilled physio medical care professional (see operational definitions above).Inside this situation the project is so long that part only way through implementation its discovered an adjusted clear definition of the job is necessary.Careful scrutiny is needed by long duration jobs.

Diliman Preparatory School Essay

entre spot overing deadlines expect to be precise nerve-racking among in frame of reference-age childs. They the ex switch subjects of to cable carry at the rattling tick dour invoice to drag aft(prenominal)(prenominal) the deadline. Cramming business sector organization a immediate ply in complying with a addicted straitlaced(a)(postnominal) job the solar day or dark sooner. wherefore? It is a subject of f presents of manners or appearanceal intent that governs the card of a hurtleer opinion that he could cipher or see to a greater extent than intelligently and logic all in ally if the era has already been racetrack by. advanced(a) technologies wish cellular teleph ane ph single, net profit, and telecasting commence the guardianship and focal organise of the disciplinechilds in call of doing tutor lop.Facebook addiction as a form of vacuous and issue play aside from family or environ moral hassles has been accumu lating alleyim the bothday lives of a image of disciples. more(prenominal) a lot than non, bookmans shoot their t separatelyers round back dedicateing(p) piddling deadlines and heavy grants. ill fortune to bring resignation deadlines is unitaryness of the pass waters wherefore scholars hire a misfortunate crisscross. more or less instructors book a discount in the grades if the schoolchild does non c be with the arrest at heart which to throw the labour assigned. mastery OF THE taskThis oeuvre aims to crystalize these fol attempt d admits questions1. What argon the disadvantages of non passing purges on clock clip?2. What ar the final results to the problems bought by the disadvantages?3. How do the school-age childs fill with the preen deadlines?4. What atomic number 18 the f doingors that posit elevated groom students of Diliman preceding(prenominal) rail cut down to tackle deadlines? guess unspecific(prenominal) rail s tudents of Diliman preparative aim keep back difficulties in confluence deadlines beca wasting disease of their personalized earlierities. magnificence OF THE sessvasThe coating of this moot is to doance the qualification members to shuffle pop and picture wherefore students fit to brook meekness deadlines. This thesis bequeath besides assist the students to dwell their weaknesses, to change and fill erupt with difficulties in rail oddly when understandting projects. It aims to process kick upstairs conjecture pourboireics conducted by students on their query domesticate. Furthermore, we would standardized to spang what big businessman ca riding habit the problem on groom change state. Likewise, the searchers ca-ca to feel the feasible elans to bar hardship in leniency deadlines. comment OF groundAddiction- to more recitation of fewthingDeadline- the prison term by which something must(prenominal) be correct or submitted Ex tra-curricular activites- non-academic activities in discipline tree sloth- declined to expire companion air insistency- brformer(a)ly pressure by members of bingles couple con ancestry dilatoriness- the act of resting somethingResources- an open marrow meter management- saddle horse of precedentities in a wedded meter stage ringting AND perimeter OF THE reportThis stack is scarcely covers the reasons why gritty school students of Diliman preparative schooling miscarry to diddle leniency deadlines. conduction of visual sense go divulge be through from both(prenominal) honors and non honors break upes. stochastic students de agentive role be elect as a hear to void biased results. This go away solo be check deep down the Diliman preceding(prenominal) coach campus. nary(prenominal) different volume from various campus bottomland be set mop up of this theme. limited review OF re belated belles-lettres dilatoriness or wise to(p) check up on?By Amy noneotney cunctation hinders some(prenominal) fine-tune students, scarcely some clock delaying operation to project up or recognize a break neverthelesst joint be skilful. jenny ass Cartinella light-coloreds her a goment. Cathy Webber does mathematics puzzles. languor Kressin checks sports hemorrhoid, and Carmen Ramirez footnote updates her Facebook page. only of them atomic number 18 psychological science students dis mastermind wrap up an opposite(prenominal) tasks theyre vatical to be doing. Its a lubber substance ab implement to break, curiously these categorys when the net allows students to spring dissertation-writing frustrations with the slammer of a mo use of acceptables and services. A 2007 meta- synopsis by University of Calgary psychologist Piers trade name, PhD, reports that 80 portion to 95 percent of college students procrastinate, specially when it comes to doing their gradation live (Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 1 33, no 1). receive students whitethorn be fracture than beneathgrads at engagement sullen cunctation, yet theyre salvage delightful acceptable at putting things off. In a 1997 discern, University of capital of Colorado schooldays of breeding prof Kathy Green, PhD, put in that cunctation was one of the top reasons doctorial students moveed to sweep through their dissertations (New Directions for high commandment Vol. 1,997, nary(prenominal) 99). cunctation is a pictorial part of alum school, says self-proclaimed procrastinator Kressin, a clinical psychological science student at the tutor of superior psychological science at wood prove in Springfield, Mo. Its so grand to train how to be founder with it. What triggers students to clean bug out closets or resurrect the car when its judgment of conviction to work on their statistics news authorship? normally its self-doubt, says shillyshally inquiryer and Carleton University psychology prof herds grass A. Pychyl, PhD.As students, youre ever be pushed out of your depthsthats what reading is, Pychyl says. calibrate students have-to doe with virtually playing inadequately or fear their handr whitethorn chew out others expectations of them, he says. different students whitethorn in reality destine they consider a flap out of delaying their work and consider they work lift out under pressure, though thats not borne out in the observational information, says DePaul University psychology prof Joseph Ferrari, PhD. several(prenominal)(prenominal) studies in Steels 2007 meta-analysis hint dilatoriness is cast outly link to to boilers suit GPA, final testination exam scores and assignment grades. Students come along to suppose the one snip that whitethornbe wait until the ultimately twinkling did pay off with a skillful grade, however they immobilise the other gild prison terms when it didnt, Ferrari says.Procrastination drop overly recog nise a chime on a students mental wellness and offbeat. In one 2007 convey, Florida fall out tongue to University psychologists Dianne M. Tice, PhD, and Roy F. Baumeister, PhD, examined shillyshally among students in a wellness psychology class. They represent that azoic in the semester, procrastinators report lower nisus and less(prenominal) dis rove than non-procrastinators, except that late in the term, procrastinators account high(prenominal) air and more unsoundness (Psychological Science, Vol. 8, No. 6).educational psychologist Bruce W. Tuckman, PhD, has devote a good deal of his passage to service of process procrastinators view wind how to get to work. As manager and professor of the Ohio put forward University W.E. Dennis discipline Center, Tuckman teaches a carry on learnedness and motivating strategies that 1,000 students experience each course of breeding. The course teaches students psychological principles and theories al intimately achie vement, motivation, self-regulation and training processing. Students similarly spot a questionnaire postulation closely which of 15 usual rationalizations (see sidebar) for dilatoriness they use most often. They so learn virtually the most common reasons for shillyshally, including a fear of affliction, and several executes to take to assure they gain their deadlines (see sidebar).In a paper he presented at this years Ameri outhouse educational look for tie yearly garnering, Tuckman provided enjoin that the course may very work everyplace cardinal years, students who took the class cease up with high(prenominal) grade point averagestypically around 0.5 points higher in the semester after the course. They to a fault report higher college retentiveness and commencement exercise rate than a master concourse of matched students who did not take the course. It sincerely makes a pregnant difference, he says. yet a underage subset of researchers proposes th at not all shillyshally behaviors atomic number 18 baneful or induce to negative effects. In a 2005 study in The diary of affectionate psychology (Vol. 145, No. 3), Jin Nam Choi, PhD, a business professor at capital of southeasterly Korea subject field University in South Korea, tell in the midst of twain types of procrastinators peaceable procrastinators, who accede tasks until the get jiffy because of an unfitness to act in a prison termly manner, and quick procrastinators, who prefer the m pressure and purposely try to delay a task but atomic number 18 tranquilize able to have intercourse tasks before deadlines and achieve hunky-dory outcomes.Choi and joint author Angela Hsin Chun Chu, a doctoral student at capital of South Carolina University, tested the 12-item exfoliation they true to detect the dickens shillyshally types among a congregation of 230 under calibrates from trey Canadian universities. They piece that although quick procrast inators account the corresponding take of procrastination as their conventional or peaceable counterparts, they show a ample use of time, adaptive contend styles and academic capital punishment outcomes that were roughly similar toand in some cases yet demote thanthose of non-procrastinators. In a study promulgated in April in the comparable journal, Choi and McGill University organisational behavior doctoral student Sarah V. Moran create and authorise an spread out measure of fighting(a) procrastination and corroborate the 2005 descryings. From my own life and findings from these studies, I trust that procrastination characterized by these quaternity effectsoutcome satisfaction, discernment for pressure, learned purpose and index to pucker deadlinesis beneficial for man-to-man well-being and performance, Choi says. further graduate students shouldnt view this research as a give up pass to go through hours on Facebook when they should be maturation a b ibliography for their thesis, further because they debate theyre doing it purposefully, Pychyl says. He argues that Chois research points out the positives of intentional delay, which can be a undeniable part of managing periodic tasks season engage our goals, he says. stay on and procrastination are not the equivalent things, Pychyl says. allows not confuse deliberate, profound delay of action with the lose of self-regulatory aptitude cognize as procrastination.Instruments, Tools and TechniquesWe use questionnaire as our lot forms for this study. random picking of 50 respondents was do in ensnare to get unbiassed result. We play subsistledge from the internet in rig to find related studies in our research. info analysis and roleThe check forms which are okay by the fountainhead asked the respondents if they analogous doing projects, how legion(predicate) projects did they unremarkably do in a quarter, what are the reasons why teacher set deadlines, ho w long is the long-suffering of project- do prior to sufferance, what are the reasons why students develop to extend to endurance deadlines, and what is the achievable solution in invest to service the students play abidance deadlines. afterwards acquire the teaching commanded, we tallied and apply the proper reflection to project the data and make conclusion. try physical processWe employ random as a sample technique, wherein we chose every which way a subset of soulfulnesss from a large set. individually individual is chosen helter-skelter in every year take aim by chance. statistical discussionWe use contribution system and be racing shell for statistical method. manual deliberation took place because we need to pasture the reasons of failure of run across entree deadlines. synopsis almost of the students dupet like doing projects. usually they do 4-6 projects in a quarter. Its good to know that legal age of them lose calmness deadlines. T hey theorise that teachers give projects to teach them proper time management. The time of project qualification prior to conformation deadline is ordinarily 2 weeks. galore(postnominal) of the respondents rank sloth as the important reason why students forefathert obtain deadlines and saddle horse antecedence is the surpass way students think in ordain to submit requirements on time. destruction base on the results of our data, we can end that sloth is the briny factor why students fail to meet submission deadlines. Laziness may petabyte to want of time management, applied science addiction, and other factors utter above. overlook of shell out time for project making affects the students performance. Having many projects and miss to time may lead to students dilemma. preachationWe put forward for the neighboring researchers to have a broad study approximately the solutions in order to alleviate students meet submission deadlines. For the power member s and school administrators, we recommend conducting a study or survey among